The intra-regional originalities of population`s dynamics of mountain regions of Georgia

Abstract

During the period of world-scale demographic boom, one of the global issues constitute the decrease of population in mountainous regions, which quantitative and qualitative indicators are characterized with regional originalities. The political and social-economic processes recently developed in Georgian mountains affected its demographic development, thus as a result, the population through 1989-2017 years was decreased from 510,2 thousand to 307,6 thousand (in other words, it decreased by 39,7%). The population decrease is noted in all mountain regions, which is characterized by numerous originalities. Coming out of this point, the issue is quite urgent and its study presents one of the most significant topic of Georgia`s demographic development. The main aim of the study is to define the main properties of demographical development of mountain regions of Georgia, in particular – population dynamics, natural movement, age-gender structure and migration processes. Find out factors provoking (causing) current demographical changes in some particular mountain regions and their development tendencies. Besides, assess the existing issues on the example of current demographical processes in the world and Caucasus mountain regions and set their settlement ways. The decrease of population in mountainous region is caused by drop of natural increase rate, breach of gender and age structure and activated migration processes. Improvement of demographic condition in Georgian highland regions mostly depends on state`s demographic and social-economic policy, and the study held, should have cognitive and the applied meanings in study of world mountain regions` demographic processes.